Candidates must meet California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) requirements to pass tests of basic skills and subject matter knowledge, in most cases prior to admissions, plus tests of reading and teaching performance prior to licensure. Frequency of Subject Area Shortages Within California Years of Shortage Since 1990 (26-Year Period) Subject Number of Years Deemed Shortage Area Science 24 Bilingual/foreign language 22 Special education 21 Mathematics 16. About 8.5% of teachers leave the profession or state each year, and another 8% go to teach at another school. © 2021 TEACH California — Administered by the California Department of Education, Special Education Division, Login to Unsubscribe     In 2016–17, California issued more than 12,000 intern credentials, permits, and waivers, more than double the number issued in 2012–13 and roughly half of all authorizations issued this past academic year. California’s Math Teacher Shortage. Hughes, A. L., Matt, J. J., & O’Reilly, F. L. (2015). California's Emerging Teacher Shortage: New Evidence and Policy Responses. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing 82% of them reported hiring under-prepared teachers. In 2017, LPI found that two-thirds of principals in high-poverty schools left positions vacant or hired less-qualified teachers. and increase your geographic choices. GDTFII Survey. And what else may be needed to staff the state’s classrooms? A year later, in a fall 2017 survey of districts representing a quarter of the state’s enrollment, 80% reported a shortage for 2017–18. One study found 80 percent of California school districts reported a shortage of qualified teachers for the 2017-18 school year. traditional areas of surplus. Many leaders are also seeking to improve teaching conditions by providing time for teaching teams to plan and examine student work; creating more collaboration time and longer blocks of time for teachers to work together; and by involving teachers in decision making, mentoring, coaching, and professional development. Many California teachers have already departed to less-expensive states, exacerbating California’s teacher shortage. Learn how to find one! In a fall 2016 survey of 211 representative school districts, 75% reported shortages of qualified teachers for that school year, and about one third reported shortages even in traditional areas of surplus, such as elementary education, English, and social studies.Podolsky, A., & Sutcher, L. (2016). Albuquerque: Albuquerque Public Schools. A 70% decline over the last decade in teacher education enrollments is reversing slightly, but the small recent increase in completers has stalled in the UC/CSU system, which typically provides about 60% of California’s newly credentialed teachers each year (see Figure 4). Enrollments are projected to remain stable and then decrease slightly over the next decade if current birthrates and immigration trends continue. After years of budget cuts and layoffs, the 2014–15 school year brought an upturn in the economy, along with a voter-approved funding initiative (Proposition 30), and historic school finance reform (the Local Control Funding Formula). Investigating the impact of substitute teachers on student achievement: A review of the literature. teachers who have full credentials in the appropriate subject area or grade level. This interactive map provides a state-by-state look at key indicators of teacher supply and demand and the equitable distribution of teachers. A 2017 survey found that California teachers are generally satisfied with their jobs overall, although those who teach in more challenging contexts are somewhat less satisfied. States and the District of Columbia receive a. Please note: This publication of approved teacher shortage areas is a reference document that is intended to serve three primary purposes: 1. Addressing California’s emerging teacher shortage: An analysis of sources and solutions. Since then, the shortage has deepened. From funding teacher certification programs to updating curriculums. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(17), 172–183; On the impact of teachers who are not fully prepared: Boyd, D., Grossman, P., Lankford, H., Loeb, S. & Wyckoff, J. Delayed Teacher Hiring and Student Achievement: Missed Opportunities in the Labor Market or Temporary Disruptions? Teachers’ perceptions of rural STEM teaching: Implications for rural teacher retention. Teacher shortages, while widespread, are more pronounced in certain subject areas—mathematics, science, special education, and bilingual education—and in schools with larger percentages of high-need students. Education Finance and Policy, 1(2), 176–216; Darling-Hammond, L., Holtzman, D. J., Gatlin, S. J., & Vasquez Heilig, J. Shortages are most severe in special education, where 2 out of 3 new teachers now enter on substandard credentials, and in mathematics and science, where about half of new teachers are entering without preparation. Teacher shortages have been worsening in California since 2015. How states experience the teacher shortage depends on their unique mix of policies, conditions, and even cost of living. (2010). The teacher shortage is "worse than we thought," researchers conclude in a new analysis of federal data. Growth in teacher demand as the economy has improved has collided with steep declines in the supply of new teachers, leading to significant increases in the hiring of underprepared teachers, especially in districts serving high-need students. On the impact of substitute teachers: Damle, Ranjana. As a result, since 2014–15, California districts have reported acute teacher shortages, especially in mathematics, science, and special education.Darling-Hammond, L., Furger, R., Shields, P. M., & Sutcher, L. (2016). Are you a career changer? In the meantime, proactive policies are necessary so that the state’s most vulnerable students do not bear the cost. However, most teachers report being concerned about the status of and respect for the teaching profession. This brief examines how districts experienced teacher supply in the fall of 2017. California teacher attrition is, by far, the largest contributor to the statewide educator shortage, accounting for 88% of demand for new teachers. How changes in entry requirements alter the teacher workforce and affect student achievement. Nearly 8 in 10 California schools need special education teachers, according to Getting Down to Facts survey data. Sutcher, L., Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2018). In recent years, education researchers and journalists who cover education have called attention to the growing teacher shortage in the nation’s K–12 schools. Shortages are most severe in special education, mathematics, and science, and are growing in bilingual education; these are also areas where teacher attrition is high. The Learning Policy Institute’s research in this area of work is funded in part by the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation and the Stuart Foundation. Looking for a teaching job? When districts cannot fill a position with a qualified teacher, they have few good options. Teacher Shortages in California: Status, Sources, and Potential Solutions by Linda Darling-Hammond, Leib Sutcher, and Desiree Carver-Thomas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. As much as $11,000 to $19,000 in outstanding educational loan balances can be paid by the California Student Aid Commission in return for four consecutive years of teaching … The Future of Children, 5(2), 113–127; Nye, B., Hedges, L. V., & Konstantopoulos, S. (1999). While all the subjects taught in the public schools are important, there is a greater shortage of teachers in particular subjects. Civil Beat’s analysis of the 256 DOE public schools, excluding some small schools and the 36 public charter schools, found that the shortage of teachers, particularly experienced teachers, affects the school system unevenly.Multi-level schools, typically K-12 and largely clustered on Although the system theoretically has capacity to grow, restrictions on program enrollments caused by CSU rules that typically tie slots to the previous year’s enrollments may be slowing many programs’ ability to respond to the growth in demand. including the teacher shortage area deferment, can contact the Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1–800–4FED–AID. (2009). Shortages are particularly big in math, science and English. A teacher shortage occurs when there are not enough teachers in key subject areas, which has been partly caused by years of teacher layoffs during the Great Recession, a growing student population and fewer people entering teacher preparation programs, according to the Learning Policy Institute. This shortage impacts all grade levels and subject areas as well as special education. Educator Quality: Recruitment & Retention​, Education at a glance 2017: OECD indicators, Report to the Legislature on the California Classified School Employee Teacher Credentialing Program, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, Learning to Lead: Understanding California’s Learning System for School and District Leaders​, Money and Freedom: The Impact of California’s School Finance Reform​, Understaffed and Underprepared: California Districts Report Ongoing Teacher Shortages, Taking the Long View: State Efforts to Solve Teacher Shortages by Strengthening the Profession, Understanding Teacher Shortages: 2018 Update. Obtaining a teaching credential in one of these fields would help reduce the shortage, may increase your chances of employment, California districts have hired long-term substitutes or teachers with substandard credentials, left positions vacant, increased class sizes, or canceled courses—all of which can undermine instructional quality and student achievement.On the impact of substitute teachers: Damle, Ranjana. If state funding continues to improve, and more individuals take an interest in teaching, a change will likely occur incrementally over the next few years. A., & Weaver, G. C. (2012). Contact Us     Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; Podolsky, A., & Sutcher, L. (2016). Decide if teaching is for you. (see Figure 3). As districts posted new job openings, they discovered that qualified teachers were now hard to find. Learn more >. For teachers who are not highly qualified and work in self-contained classrooms—most of whom are in special education (since few elementary teachers enter on emergency credentials)—the proportion leaving is 30.5%, more than twice the turnover rate for qualified teachers. APLE is a competitive teacher incentive program designed to encourage outstanding students to become California teachers in subject areas where a critical teacher shortage has been identified or in designated schools meeting specific criteria. Teachers without preparation before entry leave teaching at 2 to 3 times the rate of fully prepared teachers, and those without mentoring leave teaching at about twice the rate of those who receive regular mentoring, collaborative planning time with other teachers, and a reduced teaching load. Governors and legislators in many of these states are now working to turn the tide. Overall, the average pupil-teacher ratio has fallen from 23:1 to 21:1, which is nearly pre-recession levels but still one of the highest in the country. Teach Math! In all of these fields, the number of new teachers issued full credentials has declined steadily over the last 5 years, while the number entering on substandard credentials has increased. While the problem of teacher shortages affects many school districts in the nation, rural areas face a unique set of problems, causing the teacher shortage crisis to be more pronounced in these areas, as noted by an article in The Washington Post.Furthermore, many solutions for urban settings do not successfully transfer to rural settings. Teachers in Title I schools and in schools serving high proportions of students from low-income families and students of color all have higher rates of teacher churn. For the 2017-18 school year, 80% of California districts reported shortages of qualified teachers and 82% reported hiring underprepared teachers, according to an LPI survey completed by 25 California school districts. (2009). But the teacher shortage has hit California hardest in the special education realm. Most states have been struggling to address teacher shortages for several years, often filling the vacuum with underprepared teachers. The teacher shortage is “worse than we thought,” researchers conclude in a new analysis of federal data. Nationally, special education and bilingual education teachers also turn over at higher rates. These enabled school districts to begin rebounding from the Great Recession; many reinstated classes and programs that had been cut during years of dwindling budgets and teacher layoffs. Some leave for other states, and others pursue other activities. American School Leader Panel. Over the last 4 years, California has worked to curb teacher shortages by investing nearly $200 million in programs to recruit and retain teachers by helping classified staff become certified, starting new undergraduate programs for teacher education, and supporting training for bilingual teachers. Shortages are also emerging in bilingual education since voters passed Proposition 58 in the fall of 2017, which reinstated such programs. In a fall 2017 survey of California principals, two thirds of principals serving schools with high proportions of students of color and students from low-income families (in the top quartile) left positions vacant or hired teachers on substandard credentials, while fewer than half of their peers in schools with few students from low-income families or students of color did so.American School Leader Panel. The number of new teaching credentials issued annually to fully prepared candidates remains near historic lows at roughly 12,000, and not all of these recipients enter the profession in California. Longitudinal evidence from one urban school district. Addressing California’s growing teacher shortage: 2017 update. Currently available data do not allow us to separately identify all special education or bilingual teachers: those in self-contained classes (shown in Figure 5) can include many of these teachers as well as most elementary teachers. The worst teacher shortages are in special education, where two out of three teachers hired in 2016-17 had substandard credentials — intern credentials, permits and waivers. A new report from the Learning Policy Institute focuses on six evidence-based policies that states are pursuing to address their teacher shortages that can help states build long-term sustainable systems to attract, develop, and retain a strong and stable teacher workforce. In response, the state has invested nearly $200 million over the last several years to recruit, prepare, support, and retain teachers. The U.S. Department of Education defines a teacher shortage area as an “inadequate supply of elementary or secondary school teachers” in a “specific grade, subject matter or discipline classification, or a geographic area.” The only caveat is that not all U.S. states contribute to this data, so it’s hard to say exactly how significant the national teacher shortage is. In recent years, the lion’s share (88%) of teacher demand has been driven by attrition. Understaffed and underprepared: California districts report ongoing teacher shortages. It is true that teacher supply is dynamic and adjusts as economic and social conditions change. Even if teacher supply eventually adjusts to meet growing demand, that change could be years in the future. (2017). Previous research suggests consideration of the following evidence-based approaches: A common objection to teacher shortage interventions is the belief that the teacher labor market will adjust on its own to meet demand. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1(1), 2–16; Mosteller, F. (1995). In some cases, these efforts are specific to teachers in shortage fields, but most often they pertain to all teachers. Turnover for beginners is influenced by levels of preparation and early mentoring. To help provide answers, the Learning Policy Institute conducted an analysis of the California teacher workforce to determine the dimensions of, causes of, and potential solutions to the shortage. relatively low admittance rates for university programs from among the pool of candidates who apply, as program leaders note a shortage of qualified applicants. The approved state-level shortage areas for the 2020-2021 school year are: Bilingual/English as a Second Language – Elementary and Secondary Levels Special Education – Elementary and Secondary Levels Career and Technical Education – Secondary Levels Web Policy     Between 2002 and 2016, as budgets were increasingly tight and hiring was slow, the supply of new teacher candidates declined by more than half (see Figure 1). Failure rates on the overall set of tests eliminate at least 40% of individuals who start the process of becoming a teacher, and more than 50% in mathematics and science, where pass rates are particularly low, even for candidates who have majored in these fields of study. According to a 2016 report in the Los Angeles Times, 75% of California’s school districts reported challenges in filling teaching positions, especially in science and math. The U.S. teacher shortage is visible in data from state and school district officials and state-by-state subject area vacancies. Teach California California faces a shortage of special education, mathematics, and science teachers. (2006). Consider teaching science! Brookings Papers on Education Policy, 273–295. (2017). is the state agency that grants credentials in each of these subject areas. The governor said 75% of state school districts face a shortage of fully trained teachers, especially in high school math and science and at all grade levels for students with disabilities. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Goodpaster, K. P. S., Adedokun, O. Increases or decreases will vary in different parts of the state, but for most districts, enrollment growth will not be a major driver of demand. Relatedly, research shows that compensation (including salaries, college debt levels, and housing costs) matters to teachers’ career decisions, as do working conditions—especially having a supportive administrator and a collegial work environment. Getting Down To Facts II (GDTF II) is an in-depth research report that serves as a “state of the state,” with the goal of providing a common set of facts to inform discussions and education policy development going forward. Teacher credentials and student achievement: Longitudinal analysis with student fixed effects. The brief looks at strategies for addressing shortages and concludes with policy considerations. Shortage areas include: While other subject areas may not be experiencing teacher shortages right now, they are important academic core subjects that are required for graduation from high school.

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