what is the purpose of the ketuvim

There is philosophical explorationof the wisest path in life, of Gods goodness and justice. PREPARE FOR HIGH SCHOOL WITH THIS 9TH GRADE VOCAB QUIZ Nevi'im definition is - the second part of the Jewish Scriptures which contains the writings of the prophets —called also Prophets. The book is also divided into three parts; the Torah, Neviim, and Ketuvim. Hebrew Bible: Torah, Prophets and Writings. Ketuvim or Kəṯûḇîm (in Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). If you have any suggestions, questions or need help please feel free to contact us. The Spiritual Life © 2020. [11], In the 20th century, many scholars seemed to believe that the limits of the Ketuvim as canonized scripture were determined by the Council of Jamnia (c. 90 CE). Fragments of every book except for Esther are found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, which date as early as the second century BCE. Regardless of whether there is a Daniel writing it, the purpose of the book was to deliver this message: just as the God of Israel saved Daniel and his friends from their enemies, so he would save all of Israel in their present oppression. There is no formal system of synagogal reading of Ketuvim equivalent to the Torah portion and haftarah. The five relatively short books of Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Book of Esther are collectively known as the Hamesh Megillot (Five Megillot). Found among the Writings within the Hebrew scriptures, I and II Chronicles form one book, along with Ezra and Nehemiah which form a single unit entitled “Ezra–Nehemiah”. Slang: a long and tedious story or explanation. Besides the three poetic books and the five scrolls, the remaining books in Ketuvim are Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles. Some Reformcommunities that operate a triennial cycle choose haftarot on Shabbat morning from Ketuvim as well as Neviim. : the third part of the Jewish Scriptures which contains the poetic books and the remaining canonical books of the Jewish Scriptures not included in the Torah or the Nevi'im. The Ketuvim are believed to have been written under divine inspiration, but with one level less authority than that of prophecy. The former is a collection of passionate love poetry, by tradition an allegory of the love affair between God and Israel. Definition of Ketuvim. We use cookies to improve your experience on our site and bring you ads that might interest you. Was the Roman Catholic saint Jerome involved? People should enjoy, but should not be greedy; no-one knows what is good for humanity; righteousness and wisdom escape us. Ketuvim [כְּתוּבִים], "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah and Nevi'im. The Torah is the first five books of their scriptures, which was revealed to Abraham directly by God. It also divides them into three subgroups based on the distinctiveness of Sifrei Emet and Hamesh Megillot. The text of the Torah was standardized not long after, but there was no more prophecy after Malachi. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary, “Loose Canons: The Development of the Old Testament (Part 1)”, Agape, Aquarius & the Star of Bethlehem: America’s Return to Hope – Astro-Insights Blog. Myös Esran kirja ja Nehemian kirja ovat yhtenä kirjana jonka nimi on Ezra.Juutalaisessa perinteessä Ketuvim sisältää siis yksitoista kirjaa. What are the 11 books of ketuvim? Although there is no formal grouping for these books in the Jewish tradition, they nevertheless share a number of distinguishing characteristics: 1. In Tiberian Masoretic codices, including the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex, and often in old Spanish manuscripts as well, the order is Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Esther, Daniel, Ezra. The “prose” passages at the beginning and end of the book of Job, as read on Tisha B’Av, may be read either to the tune of Ruth or to one resembling that for the Song of Songs. At times it is the matter of writing down a particular Oral Law; at others, showing the correct understanding of passages or verses in the Torah. The Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 14b–15a) gives their order as Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Daniel, Scroll of Esther, Ezra, Chronicles. These poems include liturgies for public celebrations in the Temple, individual meditations at times of danger or suffering, and expressions of awe at Creation. A more prosaic explanation may consist in the lack of regular formal readings of Ketuvim in the synagogue (except the five Megillot), making it unnecessary to have an official system for line-by-line translation. Main article: Development of the Hebrew Bible canon. Start studying Ketuvim. Their narratives all openly describ… Ketuvim concludes with Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles, two largely historical narratives. Pronounced: TALL-mud, Origin: Hebrew, the set of teachings and commentaries on the Torah that form the basis for Jewish law. The list below presents them in the order they are read in the synagogue on holidays, beginning with the Song of Solomon on Passover. Lamentations is a series of poems set in Jerusalem in the days after the Temple was destroyed by the Babylonians. ‏כתובים‎, Kirjoitukset tai Hagiografia) on Tanakin, heprealaisen Raamatun, kolmas ja viimeinen osio. PSALMS - TEHILLIM "Tehillim" - "praises" - the Hebrew name of Psalms, refers both to the content and purpose of this book. The communal response of the first generation of Jews after the Exile had set the tone for centuries to come. [5] These scrolls are traditionally read over the course of the year in many Jewish communities. October 19, 2020 / Circle of Hope / 0 Comments. Ketuvim, the name of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), means simply Writings, which hardly does justice to the variety of religious expression found there. I have supplied the historical context, but you need to fill in the rest. If not, where did it come from? Ecclesiastes, Esther, Song of Songs, Ruth and Lamentations are known as the Hamesh Megillot (Five Scrolls). October 19 — The Ketuvim: Daniel. The book follows Ruth, a Moabite woman who was married to an Israelite man. But the theory of the Council of Jamnia is largely discredited today.[12][13][14][15]. Without divine miracles or national glory, there were only the words of Torah and Prophets to hold onto, proven reliable by Israel’s difficult history and carried forward by people of wisdom. The Talmud records the rabbis’ disagreements over whether to include Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs, and suggests that Esther too was not unanimously approved. This special reading for Tisha B'Av sets the tone for this tragic and mournful day, Copyright © 2002-2021 My Jewish Learning. Many of the texts in Ketuvim have become part of Jewish liturgy. 3. All Jewish liturgies contain copious extracts from the Psalms, but these are normally sung to a regular recitative or rhythmic tune rather than read or chanted. There are historical retellings and short stories. […] President Lincoln said in 1862: “the times are dark, the... […] and nurturing maternal energy associated with great mother figures such... ... [Trackback] [...] Read More Infos here: slife.org/ethics-in-religion/ [...], […] https://www.discovermongolia.mn/about-mongolia/culture-art-history/religion-in-mongolia https://slife.org/mongolian-shamanism/ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-religions-are-practiced-in-mongolia.html […], ... [Trackback] [...] Find More Informations here: slife.org/western-slang-lingo-and-phrases/ [...], ... [Trackback] [...] Read More: slife.org/mens-rights-movement/ [...]. It is composed of Songs (Psalms, and Song of Solomon), Proverbs, and 8 other books of the bible that were written near the close of the canon. Ketuvim opens with Psalms (Tehillim). Two stories and one poem are set at particular points in Jewish history. The main purpose of the Book of Ruth is to demonstrate the importance of faith and redemption. Taken together the Psalms leave the impression of an “official theology” of Temple, priesthood, and nation, but what makes them timeless is the personal voice expressing peril, doubt, and celebration. Our mission is to connect the world to the Land of Israel through our social media, our Daily Inspiration emails, live tours, fundraisers, weekly classes on The Israel Bible, and more.Click below to join us today! Ketuvim might better be translated as the anth… Briton Riviere, 1890. Certain of the Ketuvim were associated with figures from Nevi’im (Prophets), probably from early on — Proverbs and Song of Songs with King Solomon, Lamentations with Jeremiah, and Psalms as a whole with King David. A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English, as "The Writings." Ketuvim, the name of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), means simply “Writings”, which hardly does justice to the variety of religious expression found there. In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually titled “Writings”. Ketuvim might better be translated as “the anthology,” the canonical collection from the post-prophetic age. Most prominent in Jewish life are the Psalms, which permeate the prayer book and are often recited by individuals as supplications or thanksgiving prayers. The Aleppo Codex from a facsimile edition. In Hebrew, it is written as כְּתוּבִים. There are traces of an early custom of reading a haftarah from Ketuvim on Shabbat afternoons, but this does not survive in any community. However, the Ashkenazic yeshiva known as Aderet Eliyahu, in the Old City of Jerusalem, uses an adaptation of the Syrian cantillation-melody for these books, and this is becoming more popular among other Ashkenazim as well. Shīr Hashīrīm (Song of Songs) or (Song of Solomon) שִׁיר הַשִׁירִים (Passover), Rūth (Book of Ruth) רוּת (Feast of Weeks), Eikhah (Lamentations) איכה (Ninth of Av) [also called, Qōheleth (Ecclesiastes) קהלת (Feast of Tabernacles), Estēr (Book of Esther) אֶסְתֵר (Feast of Lots), ‘Ezrā (Book of Ezra-Book of Nehemiah) עזרא. The Ketuvim are believed to have been written under divine inspiration, but with one level less authority than that of prophecy.[3]. The Neviim refers to the books of the prophet, while the Ketuvim refers to writings (like poem or poetry) by some personalities. How the various works of Ketuvim came to be canonized together is not known. [8] Jacob Neusner argues that the notion of a biblical canon was not prominent in 2nd-century Rabbinic Judaism or even later. All Rights Reserved. Daniel. What was to become normative after 70 C.E. 2. [3] Found among the Writings within the Hebrew scriptures, I and II Chronicles form one book, along with Ezra and Nehemiah which form a single unit entitled “Ezra–Nehemiah”. Daniel is an eclectic book most often noted as the earliest apocalyptic text in Judaism. [7], Against Apion, the writing of Josephus in 95 CE, treated the text of the Hebrew Bible as a closed canon to which ” … no one has ventured either to add, or to remove, or to alter a syllable … “;[9] Michael Barber, however, avers that Josephus’ canon is “not identical to that of the modern Hebrew Bible”. The Ketuvim are a miscellaneous collection of liturgical poetry, secular love of poetry, wisdom literature, history, apocalyptic literature, a short story, and a romantic tale. One may also ask, what is the meaning of ketuvim? 55, No. The Temple in Jerusalem, destroyed in the Babylonian conquest of 586, had been rebuilt around 515. Two of them (Daniel and Ezra) are the only books in Tanakh with significant portions in Aramaic. Ketuvim definition, the Hagiographa. These two also describe relatively late events (i.e. Ultimately, each of the Ketuvim affirms a hard-won commitment to God and covenant. on all the books of Ketuvim besides Daniel and Ezra (which contain large portions in Aramaic anyway). There is poetry — of Temple ritual, private prayer, wisdom, national tragedy, even love. These are the latest books collected and designated as “authoritative” in the Jewish canon. Divided into four sections, the Ketuvim include: poetical books (Psalms, Proverbs, and Job), the Megillot, or Scrolls (Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and Esther), prophecy (Daniel), and history (Ezra, Ketuvim (/ k ə t uː ˈ v iː m, k ə ˈ t uː v ɪ m /; Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים ‎ Kəṯûḇîm, "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). Five scrolls or the five Megillot of the Ketuvim, the third section of the Tanakh. Ketuvim: A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English, as "The Writings." Esther, set in Persia, is well-known as the megillah (scroll) that tells the story behind the holiday of Purim. It is thought that there was once a cycle for reading the Psalms, parallel to the triennial cycle for Torah reading, as the number of psalms (150) is similar to the number of Torah portions in that cycle, and remnants of this tradition exist in Italy. See more. In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually entitled "Writings" or "Hagiographa". Five scrolls-Song of songs, the book of Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and book of Esther. All Rights Reserved. The third section of the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, includes poetry, philosophy, history and stories. This file contains Ketuvim from the manuscript, including Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, and the beginning of the Song of Songs. The Ketuvim Overview. In Masoretic manuscripts (and some printed editions), Psalms, Proverbs and Job are presented in a special two-column form emphasizing the parallel stichs in the verses, which are a function of their poetry. These five relatively short biblical books are grouped in the Jewish tradition. There is philosophical exploration–of the wisest path in life, of God’s goodness and justice. The Party of the Lie (from The Stream) says: Agape, Aquarius & the Star of Bethlehem: America’s Return to Hope – Astro-Insights Blog says: 1komma5grad-quellen – Matthias Ziemer Photography says: Earth’s Crisis and Evolution Series- Part 1 Finding Commonality in Religious and Spiritual Pathways – SacredFireofKnowledge says: The first wave of synergism produced extraordinary results in terms of contemporary standards of literacy and belles lettres. The Bible, also known as Tanakh, is the founding document of the Jews. In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually entitled "Writings" or "Hagiographa." These reading sessions are not considered to be synagogue services, and often took place in the synagogue courtyard. [10] For a long time, following this date, the divine inspiration of Esther, the Song of Songs, and Ecclesiastes was often under scrutiny. [7], While the Torah may have been considered canon by Israel as early as the 5th century BCE and the Former and Latter Prophets were canonized by the 2nd century BCE, Michael Coogan says that the Ketuvim was not a fixed canon until the 2nd century CE. Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים‎ Kəṯûḇîm, “writings”) is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi’im (prophets). For the Unit Three Exam, you may be asked about the purpose, content, message, and historical context of ALL of the books of the Writings. What was the order according to the Jews? Western targumim exist on Sifrei Emet, on the Five Megillot and on Chronicles, i.e. Purpose. Recent scholarship has certainly made an argument for the unity of the Law, the Former Prophets, the Psalter, and even the 12, yet the Writings are relegated to “a curious collection of unrelated texts.” This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Psalms, a collection of lyrical poems, is one of only two Old Testament books to identify itself as a composite work containing multiple authors (Proverbs is the. It includes: Tehillim – Psalms Mishlei – Proverbs Iyyov – Job Shir Hashirim – Song of Songs Rut – Ruth Eikha – Lamentations Kohelet – … The purpose of this collection, as with the Nevi'im, is to record the history of the Jews and their actions within the covenant relationship with God. Otherwise, the melody for the book of Ruth is considered the “default” melody for books of the Ketuvim not otherwise provided for. The Ketuvim (the Writings or the Hagiographa), the third division of the Hebrew Bible, comprises a miscellaneous collection of sacred writings that were not classified in either the Torah or the Prophets. What makes books like Psalms and Job so remarkable is their humanity, the “I” who dares to voice questions and doubts about God in the face of danger or suffering. Ketuvim or Kəṯûḇîm is the third and final section of the Tanakh, after Torah and Nevi'im. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In fact, the Babylonian Talmud explicitly notes the lack of a Targum to Ketuvim, explaining that Jonathan ben Uzziel was divinely prevented from completing his translation of the Bible. These three books are also the only ones in the Hebrew Bible with a special system of cantillation notes that are designed to emphasize parallel stichs within verses. Ketuvim (Writings) – 11 books The purpose of this collection, as with the Nevi’im, is to record the history of the Jews and their actions within the covenant relationship with God. Medieval sources speak of three cantillation melodies, for Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim respectively. In all communities there are special cantillation melodies for Lamentations and Esther, and in some communities for the Song of Songs. The word Ketuvim is the plural form of Ketav, or writing. The Talmudic tradition ascribes late authorship to all of them. Tehillim is the first book in the Ketuvim (Writings) section of the Tanakh. (Daniel is the one exception.) Ketuvim, the third division of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament. Published by: The American Schools of Oriental Research. The Ketuvim are believed to have been written under the Ruach HaKodesh, but with one level less authority than that of … 84–91. Ketuvim synonyms, Ketuvim pronunciation, ... geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. the Babylonian captivity and the subsequent restoration of Zion). The Ketuvim is the last of the three portions of the Tanakh to have been accepted as Biblical canon. There is, however, no “official” eastern (Babylonian) targum to Ketuvim, equivalent to Targum Onkelos on the Torah and Targum Jonathan on Nevi’im. Oriental Sephardic communities preserve cantillation systems for the three poetic books, namely Psalms, Proverbs and the main part of Job (usually a different melody for each of the three books). It consists of eleven books: Psalms Proverbs Job Ruth Lamentations Ecclesiastes Esther Daniel Ezra Nehemiah Chronicles Translations of these books are included in the Christian Bible. The manuscript is missing the end of Ketuvim, including the rest of the Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations and Esther. Collectively, these three books are known as Sifrei Emet (Biblical Hebrew: סִפְרֵי אֶמֶת‎ sip̄rēi ʾemeṯ “documents of truth” – an acronym of the titles of the three books in Hebrew, איוב, משלי, תהלים yields אמ״ת Emet, which is also the Hebrew for “truth”). He captures through poetry … Besides the three poetic books and the five scrolls, the remaining books in Ketuvim are Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles. However, the beginning and end of the book of Job are in the normal prose system. — The Challenge of Hellenism for Early Judaism and Christianity by Eric M. Meyers, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. The five megillot are read on the festivals, as mentioned above, though Sephardim have no custom of public reading of Song of Songs on Passover or Ecclesiastes on Sukkot. Is the 'traditional order' of books of the Bible found in most Bibles the original one? Out of exile and diaspora had come at least two segments of the Hebrew Bible as we know it, Torah and Prophets, which were redacted no later than the end of the Persian period (circa 400 BCE); the third section of the Bible (the “Hagiographa”) was available by this time as well. Although there is no formal grouping for these books in the Jewish tradition, they nevertheless share a number of distinguishing characteristics: The following list presents the books of Ketuvim in the order they appear in most printed editions. Unlike the Torah and the books of Prophets (Nevi’im), the works found in Ketuvim do not present themselves as the fruits of direct divine inspiration. Pronunced: TORE-uh, Origin: Hebrew, the Five Books of Moses. [5] According to T. Henshaw, as early as 132 BCE some references suggesting that the Ketuvim was starting to take shape, though it lacked a formal title. What does ketuvim mean? Kohelet reflects on the limits of human power: all people face death, and death is better than life, but we should enjoy life when we can. The books of Proverbs, Job and Ecclesiastes (Kohelet) come out of what scholars term the “Wisdom tradition.” Wisdom was an international literature in the biblical Near East, nurtured by scribes in every culture from Egypt to Mesopotamia. Today the position is more complicated. in Judaism had mostly been achieved and promulgated a half millennium before. I … [4] (In citations by chapter and verse numbers, however, the Hebrew equivalents of “Nehemiah”, “I Chronicles” and “II Chronicles” are used, as the system of chapter division was imported from Christian usage.) Ketuvim (in Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after Torah (instruction) and Nevi'im (prophets). Writings - Ketuvim. They were composed over a long period of time, from before the Babylonian Exile in the early 6th century B.C.E to … In some Near and Middle Eastern Jewish traditions, the whole of Ketuvim (as well as the rest of the Tanakh and the Mishnah) is read each year on a weekly rota, usually on Shabbat afternoons. Ketuvim (hepr. My Jewish Learning is a not-for-profit and relies on your help. According to the Babylonian Talmud, David wrote Sefer Tehillim, “including in it the work of the elders, namely, Adam, Melchizedek, Abraham, Moses, Heman, Yeduthun, Asaph, and the three sons of Korah.” (Babylonian Talmud – Bava Batra 14b-15a) Sefer Tehillim consists of 150 psalms that are divided into five books. No such systems exist in the Ashkenazi or Spanish and Portuguese traditions. — called also Writings. Unlike any of the other books are Song of Songs and Daniel. The process and the product of the canonization of the Bible became the basis for a varied tradition of interpretation. Clues of language, literary style, and content have led scholars to see most of Ketuvim as “Second Temple” works. There are historical retellings and short stories. Quote by Anne Sweeney: “Define success on your own terms, achieve it by...”. She joins her destiny with Israel and becomes the ancestor of King David. Ketuvim is the third section of the Tanakh. In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually entitled "Writings" or "Hagiographa". Comprised of the Mishnah and the Gemara, it contains the opinions of thousands of rabbis from different periods in Jewish history. Ezra-Nehemiah tells the history of the return to Judea under the Persians and reflects the viewpoint of the priests and scribes who came to represent Temple and Torah in the renewed nation. [2] Another name used for this section is Hagiographa. Some communities also have a custom of reading Proverbs in the weeks following Pesach, and Job on the Ninth of Ab. Ruth presents a narrative set in the time of the book of Judges about a Moabite woman who follows her mother-in-law back to Bethlehem when her own husband dies. Each is chanted publicly in the synagogue on a holiday–Sukkot, Purim, Passover, Shavuot and Tisha B’Av, respectively. 2 The purpose of this paper is to add to the discussion of the Writings and to try to make a case for thematic unity8 there that is found in other parts of the Hebrew canon. 1. Juutalaisessa käytännössä Ketuvimiin kuuluvat Aikakirjat ovat tavallisesti yhtenä kirjana. Ketuvim (Writings) – 11 books. — … Its characteristics included the observation of nature and the world as the source of understanding, and the use of reason to determine the best course for human happiness. Chronicles retells the earlier pre-exile history found in Kings, from a similar point of view as that of Ezra-Nehemiah. In English translations of the Hebrew Bible, this section is usually titled "Writings" or "Hagiographa". Not until the first century CE are there sources that hint at a recognized Jewish canon in three parts. Are the 22 books according to the Jews the … The intended audience is not the same for Prophets as for Ketuvim. Content/Message. There is poetry  of Temple ritual, private prayer, wisdom, national tragedy, even love. There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed: some scholars argue that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty,[6] while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later. The Jewish textual tradition never finalized the order of the books in Ketuvim. Definition of Ketuvim : the third part of the Jewish Scriptures which contains the poetic books and the remaining canonical books of the Jewish Scriptures not included in the Torah or the Nevi'im … Pronounced: muh-GILL-uh, Origin: Hebrew, meaning “scroll,” it is usually used to refer to the scroll of Esther (Megillat Esther, also known as the Book of Esther), a book of the Bible traditionally read twice during the holiday of Purim. Collectively, eleven books are included in the Ketuvim. … After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in 70 CE, the rabbis of the following century canonized the books of Ketuvim. There are several complementary targumim to Esther. The Ketuvim, or Hebrew literary books, are subdivided into three major parts: Wisdom Literature, Megillot (scrolls), and Histories (which, somewhat strangely, includes Daniel, an apocalyptic book). 2 (Jun., 1992), pp. King David gives expression to the whole range of human emotion and thought as it relates to G-d. These scriptures are viewed as less authoritative than the Torah. The purpose is not to comment on specific verses or laws but to review and restate for us the salient points of Jewish theology. Most of the individual books in Ketuvim were written or at least put in final form in Judea during the period of Persian and Hellenistic rule, from the fifth through the second centuries BCE.

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